Definitional

Key questions

  • What is it? Who are they?

Used for

  • Resolving disputes of classification and identity
  • Not about quality!
  • It's about membership in a category:
    • Not "Is our downtown traffic bad?"
    • But "Is our traffic a problem?"
  • These are important questions because "what it is" or "who they are" determines how we treat it or them.

This is not childhood

Makes use of

  • Criteria match reasoning
    • Establish criteria for a member of the disputed category
    • Demonstrate relevant properties of the subject
    • Show how they match the criteria
  • Illustrating, comparing, emphasising connectives:
    • for example, such as, equally, especially, in particular

Other notes

  • Revolves around "being" words: is/is not, are/are not, am/am not
  • Often precursor to a proposal argument ("So what should we do with it? How should we respond to them?")

I tell the class, “I am legally blind.” There is a pause, a collective intake of breath. I feel them look away uncertainly and then look back. After all, I just said I couldn’t see. Or did I? I had managed to get there on my own—no cane, no dog, none of the usual trappings of blindness. Eyeing me askance now, they might detect that my gaze is not quite focused. . . . They watch me glance down, or towards the door where someone’s coming in late. I’m just like anyone else.

Context ideas

  • Speaker roles: Lawyer, advocate, critic, scientist
  • Situations: Cultural, political, or scientific controversy

Liking isn't helping bus shelter

FS Definitional argument buff pikachu

Argue why something in this image belongs in a contested category. | R1 Introduce issue & make claim | R2 Criterion & match 1 | R3 Criterion & match 2 | R4 Respond to objections | R5 Conclude

Argue why this general trend or type belongs in a particular category. | R1 Introduce issue & make claim | R2 Criterion & match 1 | R3 Criterion & match 2 | R4 Respond to objections | R5 Conclude